terms listed on studylist 1 which came up again in a later chapter were not re-listed here
the cells of the nervous system (touched on in Chap 1, continued in
Chap 2)
variations in neuron size, shape and function
basic neurotransmitters (see studyguide) and receptor sites
example of a neurotransmitter
related disorders:
myasthenia gravis (see study guide)
autoimmune disorders
neuromuscular junction
acetylcholinesterase
anti-cholinesterase drugs
Tensilon (edrophonium) test
black widow spider venom
botulism and effects of botulinum neurotoxins
therapeutic uses of Botox
anticholinesterase "nerve gas or nerve agents"
oligodendrocyte or oligodendroglia vs. Schwann cell
myelin sheath
nodes of Ranvier
examples of glia-related disorders: multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre
Syndrome(see study guide)
demylelination
other glia related terms of clinical significance:
gliosis--> gliotic scars
glioma and other kinds of brain tumors (see study
guide)
astrocytoma
glioblastoma
oligodendroglioma
lymphoma
ependymoma
other "invaders" of the nervous system
prions
Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease
(CJD)
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) (Mad Cow Disease)
Chronic Wasting Disease in Deer?
bacteria
Lyme Disease
Development of the Nervous system
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm
formation and growth of the neural tube
neural plate
neural folds and groove
neural tube
anterior and posterior neuropores
alar and basal plates of
the tube
cell division, migration,
and differentiation
3 brain vesicles--> 5 brain
vesicles
midbrain, pontine and cervical
flexures
neural crests and what they
turn into
neural tube defects (see study guide)
anencephaly
spina bifida ( 3 types:
occulta, with meningocoele, with myelomeningocoele)
alpha-fetoprotein
sonogram
change in length of spinal cord vs spinal column during development
Arnold-Chiari malformation --> hydrocephalus in addition to spina bifida
cerebral palsy ( what is it, what causes it, what impairments are seen,
types (spastic, ataxic, athetoid) (see study guide)
autism as a developmental disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
continued development of nervous system after birth
Spinal Cord
vertebrae and meninges covering the cord
vertebral canal containing cord
intervertebral foramina allowing nerves to exit
31 spinal segments, each with a pair of spinal nerves
dorsal and ventral roots
dorsal root ganglia
gray matter vs white matter of the cord
dorsal, ventral and lateral horns
columns of white matter containing the long tracts
of the spinal cord
central canal
DM sulcus and VM fissure almost dividing cord in
half
conus medullaris
cauda equina
filum terminale
lumbar puncture (spinal tap) or drug injections
around spinal cord
basic functions of all segments (sensory, motor, autonomic)
ascending spinal tracts
3 neuron sequence from periphery to cortex
primary afferent neurons
second-order neurons
decussation
third-order neurons
dorsal column pathway or tract (discriminative (fine) touch, proprioception)
dorsal column (fasciculus
cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis)
nuclei cuneatus and gracilis
in medulla
sensory decussation
VP thalamus
somatosensory cortex of
parietal lobe
pathological changes in dorsal column pathway
degeneration of dorsal column
neurons, e.g. in some cases of MS
astereognosis
tabes dorsalis and other
conditions that can damage the dorsal columns (MS, peripheral neuropathy,
B12 deficiency, Friedreich's ataxia)
sensory ataxia, Romberg's
sign
This is as far as we got on 2/16/05
spinothalamic pathways or tracts (pain, temperature, and gross touch)
substantia gelatinosa
ventral white commissure
lateral white matter of
cord
VP thalamus
somatosensory cortex of
parietal lobe
spinoreticulothalamic fibers
and emotional/motivational aspects of pain
changes in spinothalamic function
congenital lack of spinothalamic pathway
syringomyelia
surgical section of the spinothalamic pathway
spinocerebellar tracts