Studylist for Test 2

(NOTE: Your Brain Game Notes assignment includes many of the following terms/questions.)

Do you know:
What biopsychology/physiological psychology/psychobiology/ behavioral neuroscience is?

 the functions of their parts (dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals or terminal buttons) (Fig. 2.1)

the action potential or nerve impulse as the electrical message within axons (but you can skip the nerve impulse details)

the functions of the parts of the synapse (Fig 2.4) (axon terminal, synaptic vesicles full of neurotransmitter, synaptic gap, receptor sites, reuptake)

chemical transmission of messages between neurons

best known neurotransmitters and their best known functions (Table 2.1)
 
all the material from the Brain Notes (reproduced below)
  What Are the Parts of Your Nervous System, Where Are They, and What Do They Do? What happens if  a particular brain area is damaged? (full sentence definitions not needed - be concise; small diagrams may help you remember where things are)

central nervous system (CNS): 

    brain

    spinal cord

        built-in spinal reflexes

        sensory messages from body to brain

        motor commands from brain to body muscles  
   

peripheral nervous system (PNS):
 

    somatic nervous system:
 

    autonomic nervous system (ANS):
 

        sympathetic division:
 

        parasympathetic division:

Brainstem:

    medulla


    pons:

          connection to cerebellum coordination functions & motor program

          REM sleep centers

    reticular formation
 

    cerebellum: 

thalamus:

Limbic system:
 

        hypothalamus:


            suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) (previously discussed)

            "reward" or pleasure centers 

            hypothalamus control of pituitary gland
 

        amygdala:

 

        hippocampus:
 
 

    cerebral hemispheres:

        cerebral cortex: 

            frontal lobe:
 

                motor cortex & its organization:
 

                Broca's area (see p 334)


                association areas of cortex
 

                Phineas Gage & how he changed after his prefrontal association cortex was damaged
 

        parietal lobe:
 

            somatosensory cortex & its organization:


            parietal association cortex
 

        temporal lobe:
 

            primary auditory cortex:
 

            auditory association cortex:

            temporal lobe face recognition area
 

            Wernicke's area: (see p 334)
 

        occipital lobe:
 

            primary visual cortex:


cerebral hemispheres: 

        right hemisphere functions:
 

        left hemisphere functions:

 
        corpus callosum:  


       "split brain" research and how it is done

        focal epilepsy


        the effects of damage to the language system (Broca's aphasia; Wernicke's aphasia) (see p 334)


neurotransmitters and what they do ( see Table 2.1):

ACh

DA

NE

serotonin (5HT)

GABA

glutamate

endorphins


Ways of learning about brain-behavior relationships (study the effects of brain damage, study the effects of brain stimulation, look at brain behavior correlations)

Research tools in biopsychology and what each shows (EEG, CAT or CT scan, MRI scan, PET scan, fMRI)? (see p. 48-49)


Chapter 8

the 3 memory processes: encoding, storage and retrieval

the characteristics of the 3 memory stages: sensory memory, working or short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM)

the conscious and unconscious tracks of the memory system

    effortful processing to establish explicit/declarative memories versus automatic processing establishing implicit/nondeclarative memories

        effortful strategies to improve memory (e.g. chunking, mnemonics, organizational tools)
        (These are also known as "elaborative rehearsal" strategies in contrast to simple repetition or "maintenance rehearsal")

        the spacing  or "distributed practice" effect

        the testing effect

        deep versus shallow processing

the explicit memory system in brain

       hippocampus

       frontal lobe

The implicit memory system in brain

        cerebellum

        basal ganglia

the emotional component of memory

        amygdala

        adrenaline released by sympathetic nervous system

different ways of measuring retention (recall vs recognition tests of memory, relearning)

retrieval cues and the web of memory associations

    context as a cue

    physical or emotional state as a cue

some memory system weaknesses or why we might "forget"

    serial position effect (primacy and recency effects)

    encoding failure

    retrieval failure due to insufficient cues

    retrieval failure due to cue confusion

        retroactive interference

        proactive interference

    motivated forgetting/repression

    physical injury or disruption of the memory systems in brain

        retrograde amnesia

        anterograde amnesia

         forgetting and the conscious and unconscious tracks of the mind

reconstructive nature of memories

source amnesia

false memories

distortions in eyewitness testimony