(from Modules 9 Classical Conditioning)
Basic forms of learning (conditioning)
Learning associations
Classical conditioning (ucs, ucr, neutral stimulus, cs, cr); Ivan Pavlov
Acquisition, generalization, extinction, spontaneous recovery
examples of classical conditioning
conditioned emotional response (Watson)
conditioned physiological responses
(systematic desensitization will be covered later in the semester)

(from Module10 Operant Conditioning and Cognitive Learning)
Instrumental conditioning; law of effect; Thorndike
Operant conditioning; Skinner; shaping an operant response
operant chamber or Skinner box; cumulative recorder
Reinforcement (positive vs negative reinforcement & punishment, primary vs secondary reinforcers)
ways of modifying behavior without using physical punishment
behavior modification
Shaping a response, contingencies, schedules of reinforcement
continuous reinforcement
partial reinforcement
FR, VR, FI, and VI schedules of reinforcement
Acquisition, generalization, extinction, spontaneous recovery of operant behaviors
Discriminative stimuli
cognitive learning
Observational learning or social learning;Bandura; modeling, BoBo doll study
Cognitive maps (Tolman)
insight learning (Kohler)


Review your classical conditioning and reinforcement homeworks


(from Modules 5-6) 
sensation vs perception 
receptors, transduction, sensory adaptation 
Electromagnetic energy; visible spectrum, light waves & their characteristics (wavelength and amplitude) 
Parts of the eye and their functions 
The structure of the retina; characteristics of rods vs cones; location of visual cortex 
Theories of color vision; color blindness 
Sound waves and how they relate to the sounds we hear 
Parts of ear, cochlea, hair cells; auditory cortex 
Theories of pitch perception 
How do we localize where a sound is coming from 
Dangers of loud sounds 
conduction deafness vs neural deafness 
cochlear implant 
visual implants 
Vestibular system(semicircular canals), motion sickness; Meuniere’s disease 
Taste sensation (taste buds) location and function,  sensory interaction of taste and smell 
Individual differences in taste sensitivity 
Smell (olfaction) sensation; olfactory receptors; pheromone 
Touch sensation, especially pain - what stimulates pain receptors 
gating of pain messages; stimuli that "close the gate"; endorphins, acupuncture 
where perceptual processes occur in brain 
Perceptual organization (figure/ground, Gestalt organizational rules) 
Perceptual constancies that help us perceive the world and its objects as stable 
Depth perception (7 monocular(artist's) vs 2 binocular cues); binocular or retinal disparity, convergence; illusions where 
depth perception cues lead us astray
Top-down influences on perception
Perceptual set (e.g. effects of expectancy, motivation, past experience, cultural influences)