Studylist for Chapter 7
the ESR model of memory (encoding, storage and retrieval) (see Step-by-step
7.1)
the 3 Stage Memory Model (see Step-by-step 7.2)
characteristics of sensory memory,
short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM)
iconic and echoic sensory memories
types of long-term memories
declarative memories
episodic memories
semantic memories
nondeclarative memories
procedural memories
conditioning memories
duration and capacity of
different types of memory
chunking of memory input
maintenance vs. elaborative rehearsal
updated view of STM: working memory
serial position effect (primacy and
recency effects)
recall vs recognition tests of memory
retrograde amnesia vs anterograde
amnesia
categories of long-term memories
(declarative/explicit and nondeclarative/implicit)
2 types of declarative memories: episodic and
semantic
3 examples of nondeclarative memories:
procedural memories, conditioning memories, and priming
network theory of LTM memory
organization
automatic and effortful encoding
encoding specificity principle
context dependent memory
mood congruent memory
state dependent memory
retrieval cues
5 theories of why we seem to forget
encoding failure
interference
retroactive vs proactive interference
retrieval failure
decay of memories
motivated
forgetting (e.g. repression)
reconstructive nature of memories
memory difficulties to watch out for
serial position effect
misinformation effect and false memories
source amnesia or misattribution
the weakness of massed practice (compared to
distributed practice)
implications for the law enforcement and legal
systems
Elizabeth Loftus's research
false memories
brain mechanisms of memory (see Concept
Organizer 7.1 on p 234)
role of the
hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and cortex in memory
types of amnesia/memory problems
retrograde amnesia
anterograde
amnesia
the case of HM (p. 216)
Alzheimer's disease