Studylist for Chapter 13

what is personality 
what does Freud’s psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory of personality emphasize
Freud's levels of consciousness
unconscious forces and unconscious motivation 
Techniques to reveal the unconscious 
Freud's view of personality (parts of personality and their characteristics) 
Unconscious conflicts as sources of anxiety or emotional distress 
different defense mechanisms to reduce or avoid distress (see Table 13.1)
Freud's stages of psychosexual development and their characteristics 
fixation
Oedipus Complex/Electra complex, penis envy, castration anxiety
Freud’s impact; criticisms of Freudian theory 
projective personality tests (Rorschach, TAT) (Concept Organizer 13.1, p 432)
criticisms of projective tests 
validity and reliability of psychological tests

Humanistic perspective 
Maslow's hierarchy of needs 
meeting deficiency needs before you can work on growth needs 
self-actualization 
Carl Roger's self theory (also called "person-centered") 
real vs ideal self; positive regard (conditional and unconditional) 
pros and cons of humanistic approach

Biological influences on personality
Trait theory approach to personality 
Allport’s research, Cattell’s research 
Is personality stable or changeable? 
The "5 factor model" or "big 5" (openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism  (emotional reactivity)) 
genetic influences on personality
Objective personality tests (MMPI, Cattell’s 16PF)

Behavioral (Learning Theory) perspective on personality: 
1)Strict behavioral view - B.f. Skinner - learned response tendencies in situational contexts 
2)Social cognitive theory; environmental factors (reinforcement/learningin particular situations) x cognitive/personal 
factors x behavior/actions all interacting 
some example of cognitions that can affect how you behave (locus of control, ability to delay gratification, self-efficacy) 
criticisms of social-cognitive theory