Module 9.1

 

Terms used for endogenous cycles of different lengths and examples of each

How endogenous rhythms are studied

What is a free-running rhythm? How do they differ in characteristics from the rhythms seen under normal conditions?

What is a zeitgeber?

What is the research evidence about the location of the biological clock?

Describe at least 2 mechanisms by which the functioning of this biological clock may make us sleepy?

What stimulus is most effective in resetting the biological clock?

Describe at least 2 ways that you can “encourage” the resetting of your biological clock if, for example, you were going to London?

 

Module 9.2

 

What recordings are a typical part of sleep research?

What are the characteristics of the various sleep stages and normal sequencing of stages during a night’s sleep?

How is NREM sleep different from REM sleep?

What was the early view of sleep as a behavioral phenomenon?

What research findings lead to a change in this view?

What parts of the brain are involved in maintaining wakefulness/alertness?

Why, specifically does caffeine keep you awake and do anti-histamines make you sleepy?

What parts of the brain and neurotransmitter are involved in triggering REM or are active while we are dreaming?

What are the characteristics of these sleep disorders:

REM behavior disorder

Narcolepsy

Sleep-walking

Night terrors

What are some of the types of insomnia and possible physiological correlates (e.g. why might someone have “onset insomnia”?)

 

 Module 9.3

What are the 2 main theories of why we sleep?

2 theories of REM sleep?

Terms on p. 290

 

Module 6.1

 

The characteristics of light waves

The parts of the eye

The structure of the retina

The differences between rods and cones

3 different theories of color vision and where each seems to apply

the basis for color blindness/deficiency

 

Other terms:

Astigmatism

Macular degeneration

Negative afterimage

 

Module 7.1

Parts of ear

Structure of cochlea and location of hair cells

Characteristics of sound waves

Frequency and place theories of pitch perception

Organization of auditory cortex

2 types of deafness

How sounds are localized

 

Module 7.2 and 7.3

 

The sensory organs and receptors of the vestibular system and what they respond to

Dermatomes of the skin

Where in cortex sensations from the skin are processed

Neurotransmitters related to pain

Irritating chemicals that stimulate pain receptors

The gate theory (or gate control theory)

The characteristics and types of taste receptors

Individual differences in taste sensitivity

The difference between experiencing taste and experiencing flavor

Location and characteristics of olfactory receptors

What is anosmia (and specific anosmias)?

What is the vomeronasal organ?

What is a pheromone? Example in animals? Example in humans?