Terms
used for endogenous cycles of different lengths and examples of each
How
endogenous rhythms are studied
What
is a free-running rhythm? How do they differ in characteristics from
the
rhythms seen under normal conditions?
What
is a zeitgeber?
What
is the research evidence about the location of the biological clock?
Describe
at least 2 mechanisms by which the functioning of this biological clock
may
make us sleepy?
What
stimulus is most effective in resetting the biological clock?
Describe
at least 2 ways that you can “encourage” the resetting of your
biological clock
if, for example, you were going to
What
recordings are a typical part of sleep
research?
What
are the characteristics of the various sleep stages and normal
sequencing of
stages during a night’s sleep?
How
is NREM sleep different from REM sleep?
What
was the early view of sleep as a behavioral phenomenon?
What
research findings lead to a change in this view?
What
parts of the brain are involved in maintaining wakefulness/alertness?
Why,
specifically does caffeine keep you awake and do anti-histamines make
you
sleepy?
What
parts of the brain and neurotransmitter are involved in triggering REM
or are
active while we are dreaming?
What
are the characteristics of these sleep disorders:
REM
behavior disorder
Narcolepsy
Sleep-walking
Night
terrors
What
are some of the types of insomnia and possible physiological correlates
(e.g.
why might someone have “onset insomnia”?)
What
are the 2 main theories of why we sleep?
2
theories about the function of REM sleep?
Audition
Parts
of ear
Structure
of cochlea and location of hair cells
Characteristics
of sound waves
Traveling waves in
the cochlea and how they related to pitch perception
Organization
of auditory cortex
2
types of deafness
How
sounds are localized
cochlear implant
The
sensory organs and receptors of the vestibular system and what they
respond to
Dermatomes
of the skin
Where
in cortex sensations from the skin are processed
Neurotransmitters
related to pain
Irritating
chemicals that stimulate pain receptors
The
gate theory (or gate control theory)
The
characteristics and types of taste receptors
Individual
differences in taste sensitivity
The
difference between experiencing taste and experiencing flavor
Location
and characteristics of olfactory receptors
What
is anosmia ?
What
is a pheromone? Example in animals? Example
in humans?
Vision
The
characteristics of light waves
The
parts of the eye
The
structure of the retina
The
differences between rods and cones
3 different
theories of color vision and where each seems to apply
the
basis for color blindness/deficiency
trichromatic, opponent process and retinex theories of color vision
Other
terms:
Astigmatism
Macular
degeneration
Negative
afterimage
retinal or binocular disparity and why it is important
Visual pathway through retina, optic nerve,
lateral geniculate of thalamus, visual cortex
what are receptive fields
what is the difference between the receptive field of an optic nerve
fiber (ganglion cell) and that of a visual cortex cell
what is lateral inhibition and what is it good for
what other regions of cortex are involved in visual processing and how
(what are the dorsal and ventral stream?)
what is agnosia