Ions found inside and outside of
neuron and how that ion difference is maintained
Na+/K+ pumps
polarization
how a membrane potential is measured
resting potential
Depolarization vs
hyperpolarization
the functioning of
Voltage-activated
ion channels in axon membrane
and the part each type plays in the generation of action
potentials
voltage
activated Na channels
voltage activated K channels
threshold
How the action
potential is produced in axon
axon hillock
Characteristics of
the action potential (self-propagating and nondecremental)
All or none law
Refractory period
(absolute and relative)
Myelin sheaths, nodes
of ranvier and how they affect the action
potential process
saltatory conduction
voltage activated Ca++ channels in axon terminal, when they open and what the Ca++ triggers
how Otto Loewi demonstrated that chemical must be involved when nerves send messages to muscles
the parts of the synapse (labeling assignment)
the types of
transmitters in Table 2.2
the localization of the
best known transmitters and how that determines their
association with specific behaviors/functions
the kinds of effects
neurotransmitters can have when they bind to receptor sites
Ionotropic receptors
The electrical responses of dendrites
EPSP
IPSP
post-synaptic
"integration" or summation of incoming messages (temporal and
spatial) to determine if threshold will be reached
metabotropic receptors and their effects
second messengers
How
released neurotransmitter is removed from the synapse
reuptake
enzymatic breakdown
all
the things a neuron must do for normal chemical
transmission at the synapse
(each
of these is susceptible to alteration by the presence of
certain psychactive drugs)
Parkinson's
disease as a neurotransmitter related disease (p 362-364)
characteristics
of the disease and its symptoms
possible
causes and risk factors
what
has gone wrong in the nervous system (substantia nigra,
nigrostriatal pathway, Lewy bodies)
medications
to remedy the decrease in DA messages
new
experimental treatments when meds aren't enough