NATIONAL SOCIAL STUDIES
STANDARDS
National
Council for the Social Studies Standards
NCSS leads the profession in setting the standards
with the publication of Expectations of Excellence: Curriculum Standards
for Social Studies and Standards for the Preparation of Social Studies
Teachers.
National
History Standards The History Standards Project, directed
by the National Center for History in the Schools (NCHS), first published
three sets of standards: National Standards for History for Grades K-4,
National Standards for United States History, and National Standards for
World History (NCHS, 1995). Publication of the standards drew immediate
criticism, launched by Lynn Cheney who, as former head of the National
Endowment for the Humanities, had approved funding for the project ("History
Standards," Education Daily, January 1995). Others joined the debate, either
condemning the history standards outright or making recommendations for
their improvement. A group of historians, practitioners, and public figures,
convened by the Council of Basic Education (CBE), reviewed the documents
and concluded that the "overwhelming majority of criticisms was targeted
at the teaching examples in the documents, rather than at the actual standards
for student achievement" ("Review panels," CBE, October 1995). The teaching
examples are absent from a new, basic edition of the standards, National
Standards for History (NCHS, 1996). This edition also takes into account
recommendations from the group convened by CBE, as well as recommendations
from other interested individuals. In addition to addressing the traditional
content of history studies, the standards documents from NCHS share a treatment
on Historical Thinking, which includes such standards as Chronological
Thinking and Historical Comprehension. (From http://www.mcrel.org/standards-benchmarks/docs/history.asp)
Grades
K through 4 History Standards
United
States History Standards
World
History Standards
Economics
Standards
Economics was included as a core subject in the
Goals 2000 Educate America Act. In April 1995, however, the Department
of Education decided not to provide grant money to assist the National
Council on Economic Education (NCEE). Nevertheless, NCEE continued work
with funding from private sources and has recently published Voluntary
National Content Standards in Economics (1997). As anticipated, the work
closely follows A Framework for Teaching Basic Economic Concepts with Scope
and Sequence Guidelines, K-12 (Saunders & Gilliard, 1995). Twenty standards
are identified, each supplied with a rationale. Organized beneath the standards
at 4th, 8th, and 12th grades are benchmarks; these are paired with descriptions
of what students can do to demonstrate their understanding of the benchmarks.
The standards are available in Virtual Economics: An Interactive Center
for Economic Education /Version 2.0, a CD-ROM that includes an extensive
library of activities, lessons, and other resources that are hypertext
linked to the content standards.
(From http://www.mcrel.org/standards-benchmarks/docs/history.asp)
Geography
Standards
The Geography Education Standards Project has
published Geography for Life: National Geography Standards (1994). The
document provides 18 standards articulated for grades K-4, 5-8, and 9-12.
The standards are organized under six areas: The World in Spatial Terms,
Places and Regions, Physical Systems, Human Systems, Environment and Society,
and The Uses of Geography. At each grade level, a standard is defined by
three to six activities, each of which is exemplified by three "learning
opportunities," that is, activities described at a greater level of detail
than the standard. Certainly the most visually interesting of the standards
documents, with numerous high-quality photographs and illustrations on
glossy paper, it reflects indebtedness to one of the codevelopers on the
project, the National Geographic Society.
Civics
Standards
The Center for Civic Education (CCE) has published
National Standards for Civics and Government (1994). The standards are
presented for K-4, 5-8 and 9-12; major areas organize some 70-plus content
standards. Each content standard has associated with it a set of key concepts
that students should know in order to meet the standard. The standards
are organized into five areas: civic life, politics, and government; the
foundations of the U.S. political system; the values and principles of
U.S. constitutional democracy; the relationship of U.S. politics to world
affairs; and the role of the citizen. Each area is presented as a question,
and each of the five outermost questions (e.g., What is government and
what should it do?) has more specific questions that organize the content
standards beneath them (e.g., What are major ideas about the purposes of
government and the role of law in society?). The CCE has also produced
a source book of impressive scope and detail, Civitas: A Framework for
Civic Education (Quigley & Bahmmeller, 1991), which contains more than
600 pages of information about civics. In addition, the NAEP
Civic Consensus Project, drawing heavily on the National Standards for
Civics and Government, has produced the Civics Framework for the 1998 National
Assessment of Educational Progress (n.d.). The framework outlines preliminary
descriptions of three levels of achievement-basic, proficient, and advanced-for
civic knowledge and skills that students should possess at grades 4, 8,
and 12.
(From http://www.mcrel.org/standards-benchmarks/docs/history.asp)
HOME
|