Test review sheet

1. A (gender -> extraversion -> leadership)

2. Anything measurable. Example--the amount of money given to charity in a year

3. C (you only need to look at the p’s--smaller is more reliable or “statistically significant”)

4. E

5. All variables must be written in measurable form and the relationship between variables must be stated.

6. C (theory to data is deductive)

7. A

8. IV--volunteer/not, effort

DV--change in willingness to approach snake

9. Participants who volunteered became more likely to approach the snake, especially if they put in high effort, than those who had no choice. (must describe relationship of both Ivs)

10. Must have the qualities of #5 and address at least one IV and one DV from the scenario. Example: Students who watch a video featuring an attractive model will rate their romantic partners as less physically attractive on a 1-7 scale after watching the video than students who watch a NASCAR race will.

11. IV--video

12. DV--ratings of own romantic partner on 1-7 scale

13. Confounds are things that are confused with the IV. Examples: excitement level of the videos (maybe the NASCAR one was more exciting). Prevent by doing a pretest to make sure the videos were equally exciting. Physical attractiveness of the romantic partners of people in each group (maybe one group has more ugly partners than the other). Prevent by matching the groups on that variable (making sure that each group has equally attractive partners on average). Sexual orientation (maybe one group had more gay/lesbian participants than the other). Prevent by only using heterosexual participants.

14. Control variables must be the same for everyone in the study and can’t be an IV or a DV. Examples: length of video, gender of participants, age of participants, length of time in the relationship.

15. between-participants (people either watch one video or the other--not both).