1. Which of the following is NOT an element of the APA guidelines on ethics?

A. informed consent

B. freedom to withdraw from the study at any time

C. debriefing

D. anonymity

E. all of them are

2. What makes a Thurstone scale different from a Guttman scale?

A. Thurstone scales asks questions in a cumulative order.

B. Thurstone scales are answered on a scale, such as strongly agree to strongly disagree.

C. Thurstone scales are based on experts’ ratings of the scale items.

D. Thurstone scales are answered using agree/disagree only.

3. A psychologist examined the cause of failure among college students. She took a group of former students who had flunked out and a group of students who had received good grades. She gave both groups a self-esteem test and found that the group that flunked out scored lower on the test than did the group that received good grades. She concluded that low self-esteem is one of the causes of college failure and suggested further that a person with low self-esteem probably expects to fail and exhibits defeatist behavior in college, which eventually leads to failure. Do you agree with this conclusion? Why or why not?

4. An important ethical obligation of a researcher using a drug as an independent variable is

a. to use only legal substances

b. to use several different types of drugs

c. to guarantee adequate aftercare

d. to discourage students from doing drug research

5. Consider the Person X’s responses to the following scale:

SD D A SA

1. I enjoy hiking very much. -2 -1 +1 +2

2. I rarely go hiking. -2 -1 +1 +2

3. Hiking is a very positive activity to me. -2 -1 +1 +2

4. Hiking can be bad for your health. -2 -1 +1 +2

What type of scale is this?

What is the person’s score?

How do you evaluate this type of scale (name of test)?

What would be an example of a “very good” score on the above question?

Is this a psychophysical or a psychometric scale?

Asian-American and European-American students participated in a quiz game with either an Asian-American or European-American confederate. The game was rigged by the experimenter so that one third of the participants won, one third lost, and one third ended the game in a tie. After each round of the game, the participants rated how much of their performance on that round was due to luck and how much was due to skill and how much of their opponent’s performance was due to luck and how much to skill on four separate 7-point scales.

Specify the independent and dependent variables. Name at least 2 possible control variables.

What are the levels of the independent variable(s)? Are they between- or within-participants?

Is this study a factorial experiment? If so, what kind? How many conditions (cells) are there in the study?

How many participants would be needed to have 20 per condition?

How many main effects are possible in this study?

How many interactions are possible in this study?