Study Guide Test 1

Chapter 1

List and describe three methods for formulating hypotheses.

1.

2.

3.

List two aspects of a testable hypothesis.

1.

2.

Describe further why the below items are considered problems in research, then go on to explain how these problems can be overcome.

1. Confounds:

Overcome by…

2. Ethics:

Overcome by…

3. Researcher Bias:

Overcome by…

(e.g. protocol, blind researcher, double blind design)

Understand how placebos, pilot research, and anthropomorphizing can affect research.

Understand the following terms and how they are important to an experiment.

-Independent Variable:

-Dependent Variable:

-Control Variable:

-Confound:

*Also, be able to pick these items out in an example

Distinguish between a “true” IV and a participant IV

Know the purpose of and be able to create operational definitions.

Know the difference between within-participants experimental design and between-participants experimental design and when you’d do each.

Chapter 3

Know what is contained in the following parts of an article:

-Title:

-Abstract:

-Introduction:

-Method:

-Results:

-Discussion:

-References:

Know what to look for and be critical of in journal articles (review list in the book and PP slides).

Recognize the DV and IV in titles for journals, tables, and graphs (journal titles are similar to tables and graphs).

Understand information and terms in tables and graphs and be able to interpret them (review handouts).

-t

-F

-M

-SD

-n

-p (significance level)

-effect size (r, d)

-*

-bars on a graph

Know what path analyses, structural equation modelling, and path models try to do (generally, what kind of information they give you).

Know how to use the major library sources and what types of information they will give you:

-PsycInfo

-Annual Review of Psychology

-Social Science Citation Index

Know what the main sources will be for your paper and why.

Know what peer-review is and why it matters.

Practice writing an APA style article reference citation here:

Chapter 2

List and describe the four methods of knowing that were discussed in class.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Describe the similarities and differences between science

-vs. common sense:

-vs. beliefs:

Understand the relation of data to theory.

-Label and understand the circular model below using the terms:

Data, Theory, Induction, Deduction

______________

________ _________

________________

Know what it means for science to be empirical and self-correcting.

Know what a strong inference is; be able to define it.

Understand the importance of the following characteristics of a theory.

-Empirical:

-Rational:

-Testable:

-Parsimonious:

-General:

-Tentative:

-Rigorously Evaluated:

Understand what tautology is and how it relates to scientific explanation.

List and explain the five things that a theory does.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Understand the difference between a mediator and a moderator (two types of intervening variables).

*Also be able to pick these items out in an example and explain what kind of information each provides

What is…

-Basic Research:

-Applied Research:

How do they work together?

What are examples of basic vs. applied research areas?

List one similarity and three differences between basic and applied research.

-Similarity

1.

-Differences

1.

2.

3.

Understand the differences between following subtypes of applied research.

-Evaluation:

-Outcome:

-Process:

**Remember to review other information in chapters 1, 3, and 2. You are responsible for all the information stated in class, lab, and the chapters.