| Plant and Animal Cells Cell Biology Under Construction |
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| Components of a Cell Cells are the basic unit of life Plant and animal cells are similar, but different in some ways |
| Cell walls, rigid
outer coverings that contain high amounts of fiber, are found only in plant
cells Cell walls make it possible for plants to maintain their shapes. |
| A cell membrane is found inside the cell wall The cell membrane is the flexible outer covering of an animal cell |
| Cells are usually permeable Body and plant fluids move through cell walls to transport nutrients and remove wastes |
| Each cell has an oval-shaped nucleus The nucleus contains the basic hereditary material through which traits are passed to offspring Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus Chromosomes contain smaller structures called genes Chromosomes are found in pairs Each male and female parent furnishes one chromosome of each pair of offspring chromosomes Genes contain information which determine characteristics inherited from parents |
| Protoplasm includes all of the structures and
substances located witin the cell membranes, for both plants and
animals. It is made of salts, water, proteins, fats and carbohydrates Protoplasm is divided into two types: Cytoplasm which includes all cell contents except the nucleus, and nucleoplasm the material found in the nucleus. |
| Plant cells contain two types of structures not
found in animal cells: vacuoles and chloroplasts Vacuoles collect wastes and excess water within the cell and discharge them through the cell walls. Chloroplasts contain materials which can capture energy from the sun which is used to produce sugars and starches. |
| Many cell processes occur in rod-shaped cell
structures called mitochondrion These processes are controlled by enzymes |
| Animal cells have golgi apparatus which are made up of fibers, rods and granules |
| Cells divide into new cells throughout the lifetime
of the living organism. This cell division, called The Cell Cycle Also see Life Cycles and Mitosis |
During mitosis, several steps occur. Each step is
labeled as a phase:
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| Meiosis |
| Phases of meiosis |
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Online
Biology Book BioNotebook |