Cause and effect are sometimes confused and folks assume that because one thing occurred AFTER another, the first caused the second. For example, "People who go out in the night air often get malaria, so I recommend staying in at night." This speaker erroneously thinks that staying inside will prevent Malaria, of course, we now know that mosquitoes carry Malaria and this ideas would only work if there were no mosquitoes inside.

An example of mixing up cause and effect to "win" an argument

The last time we tried grounding the kids like this we ended up wasting a lot of time and we didn't get anywhere and it's because we listened to your mother she said we should ground them and look were it got us.